Getting Started

SmartArray wraps arrays (usually database rows) in chainable collection methods, with fields that HTML-encode themselves on output. This page covers what you need to start using it, from installation to debugging.

Installation

Using CMS Builder or ZenDB? SmartArray is already installed, and query results already arrive as SmartArrays; skip to Your First SmartArray to see how they behave.

composer require itools/smartarray

Requires PHP 8.1+ and SmartString 3.0+ (the class behind the self-encoding fields; installs automatically as a dependency).

Your First SmartArray

Wrap an array of rows with SmartArrayHtml::new(), loop it with foreach, and echo fields with property syntax. Every field HTML-encodes itself; you never call htmlspecialchars():

use Itools\SmartArray\SmartArrayHtml;

$users = SmartArrayHtml::new([
    ['name' => "Jean O'Brien",    'city' => 'Vancouver', 'joined' => '2025-11-05'],
    ['name' => 'Tom & Jerry Inc', 'city' => 'Ottawa',    'joined' => '2024-03-14'],
    ['name' => 'Sam Smith',       'city' => 'Calgary',   'joined' => '2026-01-22'],
]);

foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo "<li>$user->name from $user->city</li>\n";
}
// <li>Jean O&​apos;Brien from Vancouver</li>
// <li>Tom &​amp; Jerry Inc from Ottawa</li>
// <li>Sam Smith from Calgary</li>

Nested arrays are wrapped automatically: $users is a SmartArrayHtml, and so is each $user row inside it.

You can also pick out single rows without looping:

echo $users->first()->name;  // Jean O&​apos;Brien
echo $users->last()->city;   // Calgary
echo $users->at(1)->name;    // Tom &​amp; Jerry Inc (by position: 0 is first, negatives count from the end)

Fields are SmartString objects, so their formatting methods chain right off the field. PHP even lets you call them inside double-quoted strings by wrapping the call in curly braces:

$user = $users->first();
echo "Joined: {$user->joined->dateFormat('M j, Y')}";  // Joined: Nov 5, 2025

Every SmartString method is available this way: textOnly(), maxChars(), numberFormat(), and the rest of the SmartString API.

Empty Results and Blank Fields

A result can come back empty, and individual fields can be blank. Collections answer the first with isEmpty(); fields answer the second with or(), which fires on NULL and "":

$users = SmartArrayHtml::new([
    ['name' => "Jean O'Brien", 'city' => 'Vancouver', 'phone' => '604-555-1234'],
    ['name' => 'Sam Smith',    'city' => 'Calgary',   'phone' => ''],
]);

if ($users->isEmpty()) {
    echo "<p>No users found.</p>";
}

foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo "<li>$user->name - {$user->phone->or('(no phone)')}</li>\n";
}
// <li>Jean O&​apos;Brien - 604-555-1234</li>
// <li>Sam Smith - (no phone)</li>

No else is needed: a foreach over an empty collection runs zero times.

Displaying Fields covers both in full, along with the guards that stop the page when a required record is missing.

The Mental Model

SmartArray is two classes with the same methods, and one question picks between them: what are you outputting?

Class	Use when	Fields return
SmartArrayHtml	Output is a web page (the common case)	SmartStrings that HTML-encode when echoed
SmartArray	Output is anything else: JSON, CSV, email, CLI	Plain PHP values (string, int, …)

That’s the whole decision. Collection methods behave identically in both classes: callbacks, matching, and sorting always work on the original unencoded values, so filtering, reports, and calculations work fine in HTML mode:

$local = $users->where('city', 'Vancouver')->sortBy('name');  // logic uses original values

foreach ($local as $user) {
    echo "<li>$user->name</li>\n";  // <li>Jean O&​apos;Brien</li> (output still auto-encodes)
}

This page and the rest of these guides use SmartArrayHtml throughout. When your output isn’t HTML, SmartArray works the same way with plain values; see Using SmartArray Without SmartStrings.

Working with ZenDB and CMS Builder

With ZenDB and CMS Builder, query results arrive as SmartArrays in HTML mode, so you may never call SmartArrayHtml::new() at all:

use Itools\ZenDB\DB;

$users = DB::select('users', ['status' => 'Active']);

foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo "$user->name from $user->city<br>\n";  // every field auto-encodes
}

Converting to Plain Arrays

The toArray() method returns a plain nested PHP array with the original values, in both modes. Nothing is altered by wrapping, so the round trip is lossless:

$plain = $users->toArray();
// [
//     ['name' => "Jean O'Brien",    'city' => 'Vancouver', 'joined' => '2025-11-05'],
//     ['name' => 'Tom & Jerry Inc', 'city' => 'Ottawa',    'joined' => '2024-03-14'],
//     ['name' => 'Sam Smith',       'city' => 'Calgary',   'joined' => '2026-01-22'],
// ]

On single fields in HTML mode, value() returns the original value in its original type: $user->name->value().

Debugging

Call debug() on any SmartArray to see its contents, which mode it’s in, and (for query results) the mysqli metadata. It prints readable output in the browser and plain text on the command line:

$users->debug();  // contents, current mode, and query metadata

Plain print_r($users) works too and shows just the element data; the class name in its output tells you the mode. Unlike debug(), its output isn’t <xmp>-wrapped, so in a browser it’s raw and unformatted - prefer debug().